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XAT-2006 : VERBAL ABILITY
DIRECTIONS (1- 6): Choose the correct alternative.
1. Which of the following choices MOST accurately captures the meaning of edifice as
used in the sentence below?
The edifice of 'public space', built up through literacy or informative institutions of
popular education and on which the pillars of democracy were mounted, is now
crumbling.
A. Infrastructure
B. Building
C. Paraphernalia
D. None of the above
2. The__ of the Sanskrit Vedic hymns into English is often not possible; what experts do
is a
Below there are three words indicated. Choose the alternative (among A, B,C, D) that
you think has the right combination of words that can be used to fill the gaps in the
sentence above and give it a coherent meaning.
X: Translation
Y Rendition
Z: Conversion
A. X,Z in that order
B. Y,X in that order
C X, Y in that order
D. Cannot be determined, since the choice depends on the context in which the sentence
is used
3. The phrase 'Ranch on the Ganges':
A. Denotes an object
B. Qualifies an object
C. Alludes to a suggestive meaning
D. None of the above
4. 'In this place flowed a river. A town came up by its banks sometime. And today there
is a concrete road of the metropolitan city. When I bend down and place my ears on the
road, I can still hear the splashing of the water flowing underneath.'
The passage above is:
A. Literal
B. Discursive
C. Descriptive
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D. None of the above
QUESTIONS 5-6
'When I become aware of the pain in my injured leg, it begins to hurt and the pain
becomes so excruciating that I often loose control over my senses.'
5. In the above passage, 'excruciating' refers to:
A. Suddenness of the pain
B. Objectivity of the pain
C. Longevity of the pain
D. None. of the above
6. Which of the following words can possibly replace 'excruciating' without CHANGING
the underlying meaning?
A. Dominating
B. Massive
C. Overwhelming
D. Irritating
XAT 2006 : PARAJUMBLE
QUESTIONS 7-9: In each of the following questions, choose the correct order of
statements (A, B, C...) to give a coherent meaning to the text?
Question 7
Statement A: Such inter-operability of a software service or product appears to be only
one aspect, and the interoperable system is itself evolving.
Statement B: Each software product introduces a variation and consequently a change in
the system.
Statement C: An operating system must work with applications and other elements in a
hardware platform.
Statement D: A software firm while introducing its product or service, therefore, does not
strive for mute complementarities alone but tries to bring about a change in the existing
structure.
Statement E: In other words the components must be designed to be inter-operable.
A. BCDAE
B. CEABD
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C DAEBC
D. CBEAD
Question 8
Statement A: Moreover, as argued above, knowledge is entailed not by way of
justification as such. but by the realization of good or fruit ladenness of meaning and
actions or iterated actions.
Statement B: Knowledge is required in order to resolve doubts and thus in order to act
meaningfully.
Statement C: Therefore the actions in a commonly led daily life are both meaningful and
knowledge-driven.
Statement D: Indian theorists argue for a common knowledge, which is obtained through
iterated fruitful! actions, through the authority of sentences (or words).
Statement E: We argue for four sources of validation of knowledge, viz., sentence,
inference, direct perception and analogy.
A. AECBD
R BAECD
C. BDCEA
D. EADCB
Question 9
Statement A: But PST has also used satellite pictures to suggest that an ancient fortified
town had existed 30 Km from Junagadh.
Statement B: Soil and vegetation patterns were used in the search.
Statement C: The site marches the description of Krishna's town in an ancient scripture.
Statement D: PST's primary job at Space Applications Centre has been tracking land use
and forest cover with satellite images.
Statement E: An archeologist however cautioned that remote sensing and scriptures by
themselves would not be enough to identify a township.
Statement F: It was claimed that soil and vegetation patterns at ancient abandoned sites
reveal specific patterns that can be picked by satellite images.
A. DACBEF
B. DACBFE
C. FDCABE
D. FDACBE
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XAT 2006: CRITICAL REASONING
QUESTION 10-13: Analyze the following statements and give an appropriate answer for
the following questions.
10. "If the forest continues to disappear at its present pace, the Royal Bengal tiger will
approach extinction," said the biologist.
"So all that is needed to save the tiger is to stop deforestation," said the politician.
Which one of the following statements is consistent with the biologist's claim but not
with the politician's claim?
A. Deforestation continues and the tiger becomes extinct.
B. Deforestation is stopped and the tiger becomes extinct.
C. Reforestation begins and the tiger survives.
D. Deforestation is slowed and the tiger approaches extinction.
11. There is little point in looking to artists for insights into political issues. Most of them
hold political views that are less insightful than those of any reasonably well-educated
person who is not an artist. Indeed, when taken as a whole, the statements made by
artists, including those considered to be great� indicate that artistic talent and political
insight are rarely found together.
Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. There are no artists who have insights into political issues.
B. Some artists are no less politically insightful than some reasonably well-educated
persons who are not artists.
C. Every reasonably well-educated person who is not an artist has more insight into
political issues than any artist.
D. Politicians rarely have any artistic talent.
12. All intelligent people are nearsighted. I am very nearsighted. So I must be a genius.
Which one of the following exhibits both of the logical flaws exhibited in the argument
above?
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A. Iacocca is extremely happy, so he must be extremely tall because all tall people are
happy.
B. All chickens have beaks. This bird has a beak. So this bird must be a chicken.
C. All geniusses are very nearsighted. I must be very near sighted since I am a genius.
D. I must be stupid because all intelligent people are nearsighted and I have perfect
eyesight.
13. The district health officer boasts that the average ambulance turnaround time, the
time from summons to delivery of the patient, has been reduced this year for top-priority
emergencies. This is a serious misrepresentation. This "reduction" was produced simply
by redefining "top priority". Such emergencies Used to include gunshot wounds and
electrocutions, the most time-consuming cases. Now they are limited strictly to heart
attacks and strokes.
Which one of the following would strengthen the author's conclusion that it was the
redefinition of "top priority" that produced the reduction in turnaround time?
A. The number of heart attacks and strokes declined this year.
B. The health officer redefined the district's medical priorities this year.
C. One half of all last year's top-priority emergencies were gunshot wounds and
electrocution cases.
D. Other cities include gunshot wound cases in their category of top-priority
emergencies.
DIRECTIONS: Questions 14-19 are based on the passage below.
Deliberative democracy demands a reflexive (or reflection driven) reordering of
preferences in a non-coercive manner. The authenticity of democracy requires in addition
that these reflective preferences, influence collective outcomes and action, and so long as
the state is the main (though far from exclusive) locus of collective decisions, it requires
discursive mechanisms for transmission of public opinion to the state. A deliberative or
more properly a discursive democracy, in order that it can accommodate several
competing versions of democracies such as the liberal, the minimal, me difference, etc.,
must also accommodate rhetoric, narratives, and empathy along with reasoning. A
rationality and a reasoning that does not accommodate values is meaningless. However, it
is also argued that' individual rationality cannot he realized if values are embedded in the
decision procedures, in other words, realization of values could be made possible only
when individuals behave non- rationally. Further if values having been abandoned at the
individual level are accorded a place only collectively, the same must lead to either
"epistemological inconsistency or abandonment of autonomy of individual evaluations".
A talk or a rhetoric, otherwise, is strategic and is employed with the intention of signaling
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certain information. Such a talk can be therefore deceptive and coercive. The
illocutionary force and the normative trappings of a Foucauldian discourse while
allowing identification with a community and differences with the others, do
simultaneously pose through coercion a threat to an utterance as such. If democracy
cannot ensure utterance as freedom and if the illocutionary forces in a discursive
democracy disciplines the thought and the talk, then how such a democracy could indeed
be called authentic!
Most human actions and discourses are actuated by a deeper or primordial antedeliberation
Desire (let us use a capital 'D'). Speaking as such is out of such a Desire (one
might use volition or passion). Engaging in a deliberation or else in an action is possible
only since there has been such a Desire. Desire appears to both the reflection and also to
an observer as a mental-state. A discourse can be set only when such mental states are in
harmony, or share a common predisposition or attitude. In the absence of such shared
mental-states, no discourse and no deliberation can begin. A running underlying and most
often unstated theme that remains at the back of the idea of deliberative democracy is
competition - a competition with the 'other' which introduces strategy. The alternative to
competition, a mental-state which is out of a Desire to enjoy the 'other' in the light of a
memorythat this 'one' and the 'other' were but the same and would again become the
same, do not appear in the known Anglo-American literature. Such a mental-state might
generate and keep alive possibilities of cooperation although is never a state of
cooperation alone as such.
14. Which of the following follows from the passage above?
A. A rhetoric laden talk can generate authentic democratic collective choice
B. Irrational persons alone can have values
C. Authenticity of democracy requires a strong reflection-action interaction
D. A paradigm of competition alone can sustain an authentic democracy
15. Desire as ante-deliberation driving action refer to:
A. Irrationality of deliberation
B. Uselessness of deliberation
C. Desire to act without thinking
D. Temporal inconsistency in a position that argues for deliberative action constituting
democracy
16. Which of the following is true from the passage?
A. Author argues that democracy is bound to fail
B. Author argues that Desire is primal
C Author argues for an, end to primal desire so that an end to competition can come
through
D. None of the above
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17. A Foucauldian discourse as used in the passage does NOT refer to:
A. Discourse based on power
B. Community based discourse
C Strategic discourse
D. None of the above
18. Which of the following words is. closest to the word 'primordial' as used in the
passage above?
A. Elemental
B. Anarchist
C. Animalistic
D. Nihilistic
19. Which of the following captures the spirit of the position that the author hints at
through the phrase 'alternative to competition'?
A. All the pragmatic world is-a stage -a play unfolding
B. Democracy is an unruly fight among citizens
C. Socialist planning does away with the chaos of competition
D. None of the above
XAT 2006: Reading Comprehension - 2
DIRECTIONS: Questions 20-22 are based on the passage below.
In 1980, the US Supreme Court overturned decades of legal precedents that said that
naturally occurring phenomenon, such as bacteria, could not be patented because they
were discoveries rather than inventions. Yet that year, the Court decided that a biologist
named Chakrabarty could patent a hybridized bacterium because 'his discovery was his
handiwork, not that of nature'. A majority of the judges reiterated that 'a new mineral
discovered in the earth or a new plant discovered in the wild is not patentable'. Yet they
believed that Chakrabarty had concocted something new using his own ingenuity. Even
Chakrabarty was surprised. He had simply cultured different strains of bacteria in the
belief that they would exchange genetic material in a laboratory soup. The then
embryonic industry used the case to argue that patents should be issued on gene, proteins
and other materials of commercial value.
By 1980s, the US Patent Office had embarked on a far-reaching change of policy to
propel the US industry forward, routinely issuing patents on products of nature including
genes, fragments of genes and human proteins. In 1987. for example, Genetics Institute
Inc. was awarded a patent on erythropoietin, a protein of 165 amino acids that stimulates
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the production of red blood cells. It did not claim to have invented the protein: it had
extracted small amounts of the naturally occurring substance from thousands of gallons
of urine. Erythropoietin is now a multi-billion dollar-a-year treatment.
The industry's argument is that innovation prospers only when it is rewarded. Without
rewards, innovation will not take place. The barriers to entry into biotechnology are
relatively low. Biotechnology companies do not have to build costly factories of high
street retail outlets or invest in brand reputations. The basic units of production are
bacteria manipulated to deliver therapeutically and commercially valuable substances.
Without the protection of a patent, an innovative biotechnology company will find its
discoveries quickly copied by later entrant. If the ownership of rights to exploit a genetic
discovery were left unclear, there would be less innovation in the economy as a whole
and we would all be worse off. The biotechnology industry in USA is larger than
anywhere else, in part because innovators there have been allowed to patent their'
inventions'. In 1998, there were almost 1500 patents claiming rights to exploit human
gene sequences.
Yet the ownership regime for industries and products spawned by genetics is far from
settled. A practical argument is about what should be owned - the gene or the treatment.
The cystic fibrosis gene, for example, is patented, and anyone who makes or uses a
diagnostic kit that uses knowledge of the gene sequence has to pay royalty to the patent
holder. Many would argue that this is too broad a patent, which may be excessively
strong and slow down innovation. As we move into the knowledge economy, issues such
as the breadth and scope of a patent, the standards of novelty, even the duration; will
become more problematical. To put in another way, who should own what and for how
long will become more of an issue in a knowledge driven economy. That is because
incentives to exploit knowledge need to be set against the value of sharing it. Scientific
enquiry proceeds as a result of collaboration, the sharing and testing of ideas. We are
lucky that James Watson and his collaborator Francis Creek did not work for Genentech
or Glaxo-Wellcome because every genetic researcher would now be paying a royalty to
use their discovery. Genetics, as most sciences, is built on a bedrock of shared
knowledge. The more basic the knowledge, the more inappropriate strong property rights
and exclusive private ownership becomes. Privatization ofknowledg- may make it less
likely that know-how will be shared. Perkin Elme will publish its research on the, human
genome, but only once in three months and the company will reserve at least 300 genes
for its own patent programme. Publicly funded researchers share their results more
openly and more frequently.
20. The erythropoietin episode shows that:
A. Patenting is the only way to encourage exploration of new ideas
B. Patenting accelerates exploitation of new ideas
C. Claims to patentability are often false
D. None of the above
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21. After reading the passage, which of the following statements do you think captures
best, the tenor of the piece?
A. The author is unequivocal about undesirability of a patenting system
B. The author .explores the complexities in patenting
C. The author deliberately obfuscates issues
D. The passage is boring about
22. Chakrabarty patent issue shows that:
A. Patent authorities are infallible
B. Patent systems are adhoc
C. Patenting rationale is socially embedded and evolutionary
D. None of the above
DIRECTIONS: Questions 20-22 are based on the passage below.
In 1980, the US Supreme Court overturned decades of legal precedents that said that
naturally occurring phenomenon, such as bacteria, could not be patented because they
were discoveries rather than inventions. Yet that year, the Court decided that a biologist
named Chakrabarty could patent a hybridized bacterium because 'his discovery was his
handiwork, not that of nature'. A majority of the judges reiterated that 'a new mineral
discovered in the earth or a new plant discovered in the wild is not patentable'. Yet they
believed that Chakrabarty had concocted something new using his own ingenuity. Even
Chakrabarty was surprised. He had simply cultured different strains of bacteria in the
belief that they would exchange genetic material in a laboratory soup. The then
embryonic industry used the case to argue that patents should be issued on gene, proteins
and other materials of commercial value.
By 1980s, the US Patent Office had embarked on a far-reaching change of policy to
propel the US industry forward, routinely issuing patents on products of nature including
genes, fragments of genes and human proteins. In 1987. for example, Genetics Institute
Inc. was awarded a patent on erythropoietin, a protein of 165 amino acids that stimulates
the production of red blood cells. It did not claim to have invented the protein: it had
extracted small amounts of the naturally occurring substance from thousands of gallons
of urine. Erythropoietin is now a multi-billion dollar-a-year treatment.
The industry's argument is that innovation prospers only when it is rewarded. Without
rewards, innovation will not take place. The barriers to entry into biotechnology are
relatively low. Biotechnology companies do not have to build costly factories of high
street retail outlets or invest in brand reputations. The basic units of production are
bacteria manipulated to deliver therapeutically and commercially valuable substances.
Without the protection of a patent, an innovative biotechnology company will find its
discoveries quickly copied by later entrant. If the ownership of rights to exploit a genetic
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details, visit http://www.onestopmba.com. For MBA Entrance exam related discussions, visit
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10
discovery were left unclear, there would be less innovation in the economy as a whole
and we would all be worse off. The biotechnology industry in USA is larger than
anywhere else, in part because innovators there have been allowed to patent their'
inventions'. In 1998, there were almost 1500 patents claiming rights to exploit human
gene sequences.
Yet the ownership regime for industries and products spawned by genetics is far from
settled. A practical argument is about what should be owned - the gene or the treatment.
The cystic fibrosis gene, for example, is patented, and anyone who makes or uses a
diagnostic kit that uses knowledge of the gene sequence has to pay royalty to the patent
holder. Many would argue that this is too broad a patent, which may be excessively
strong and slow down innovation. As we move into the knowledge economy, issues such
as the breadth and scope of a patent, the standards of novelty, even the duration; will
become more problematical. To put in another way, who should own what and for how
long will become more of an issue in a knowledge driven economy. That is because
incentives to exploit knowledge need to be set against the value of sharing it. Scientific
enquiry proceeds as a result of collaboration, the sharing and testing of ideas. We are
lucky that James Watson and his collaborator Francis Creek did not work for Genentech
or Glaxo-Wellcome because every genetic researcher would now be paying a royalty to
use their discovery. Genetics, as most sciences, is built on a bedrock of shared
knowledge. The more basic the knowledge, the more inappropriate strong property rights
and exclusive private ownership becomes. Privatization ofknowledg- may make it less
likely that know-how will be shared. Perkin Elme will publish its research on the, human
genome, but only once in three months and the company will reserve at least 300 genes
for its own patent programme. Publicly funded researchers share their results more
openly and more frequently.
20. The erythropoietin episode shows that:
A. Patenting is the only way to encourage exploration of new ideas
B. Patenting accelerates exploitation of new ideas
C. Claims to patentability are often false
D. None of the above
21. After reading the passage, which of the following statements do you think captures
best, the tenor of the piece?
A. The author is unequivocal about undesirability of a patenting system
B. The author .explores the complexities in patenting
C. The author deliberately obfuscates issues
D. The passage is boring about
22. Chakrabarty patent issue shows that:
A. Patent authorities are infallible
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B. Patent systems are adhoc
C. Patenting rationale is socially embedded and evolutionary
D. None of the above
XAT 2006: Reading Comprehension - 3
DIRECTIONS: Questions 23-29 are based on the passage below.
Enterprises in the throes of discovery have an aura of magic around them. In the world of
software this becomes many-splendoured with a certain joie de yivre, quite distinct from
what obtains elsewhere: a sense of wonderment, surprise and eventual delight; a coming
within reach of power and profits; possibly through a little tweak in technology with a
touch of novelty, opening up vistas that had always seemed so near yet so far. In
professional management terms, this waving of the wizard's wand, as it were, is nothing
more than an effective recovery of strategy from a technological paradigm. This book is
about exploring the journey from rules and norms to solutions, specific solutions prized
out of the anoured covers of sector-specific industrial structures and often resourcesdetermined
mindsets that Indian software' firms seems to have mastered. Originality is
the fountainhead of such a strategy. It then progresses into the realms of the economics of
innovation to give itself a solid foundation from where it becomes possible to retrieve a
new language of strategy and of innovation. In this high- natural yet dynamic world, the
profit motive, backed by ingenuity, lend support to many of the arguments that evolve in
this flow of events. The Indian software experience is a unique demonstration of how this
process - the coalescing of the economics of surprise and novelty and the economics of
knowledge works. This forms the basics of the strategy theory.
There are several grand theories of even grander traditions: the industrial organization
approach, including several kinds of structure-conduct performance assertions and game
theoretic models, evolutionary theories and corresponding case' studies, resource-based
approaches or several intermediate variants of competency based ideas that provide us
with a rich yet incomplete landscape. This landscape is perhaps oblivious of certain
traditions provided by theory; the rich repertoire bequeathed by Marshall and Shackle is a
case in point, as they are immensely rewarding. Each important traditions or theory has
made global assertions and has proved to be prescriptive or normative. Some authors
have looked back at Marshall and a handful at Shackle. Fewer still reconsidered certain
rich -traditions of thinking on strategy. This book does not attempt to issue prescriptive or
normative guidelines purely because, the global canvass is too large and often beyond the
capacity of intelligent comprehension. A strategist acts on a local scale following what
Simon has generally observed. Pragmatism emerges as an important guide-and achieving
the surprise element is above all. the key to definitive strategy. While this strategy
evolves from governance, it also influences governance at every stage. Handicapped by a
paucity of resources, the strategist must dovetail the two to increase immensely the scope
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of governance not only over what the incumbent possesses, but also over a much larger
group of firms not under its direct control. This need not necessarily be explained by
another grand theory, with globally prescriptive assertions or powers of predictions.
Surprise must stand beyond predictability. 'It must govern to earn windfall profit.
Strategy thus cannot be prescribed; it would comprise piecemeal engineering. This is
what this book explains.
23. The locale of the phrase "acting on a local scale" as used in the passage above refers
to:
A. Cognitively delimited space
B. Geographically delimited space
C. Temporally delimited space
D. None of the above
24. The idea of a 'magic' as used in the passage refers to:
A. Irrationality and blind belief
B. A sense of wonder at imagination unbridled by any governance whatsoever
C A sense of wonder at the discovery of a grand theory
D. None of the above
25. According to the author, the several extant strands of strategy literature such as the
Industrial Organization approach provide an incomplete landscape because:
A. They fail to take account of contributions of Marshall and Shackle
B. It is normative in nature
C. The vastly rich and unfolding reality is beyond the capacity of human comprehension
D. None of the above
26. Which of the following follows from the passage?
A. Indian software firms have excelled in providing specific solutions
B. Indian software firms have been remarkable technology innovators
C. Indian software firms have benefited from low priced manpower, with adequate
programming skills
D. None of the above
27. From the passage which would be an adequate characterization of the author?
A. Positivist
B. Pragmatist
C. Empiricist
D. Cynical
28. From its usage in the passage which is the most appropriate meaning of the word
'wizard'?
A. Conman
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B. A person of wisdom
C. A well known personality
D. None of the above
29. From its usage in the passage which is NOT the most appropriate meaning of the
word 'ingenuity'?
A. Cunning
B. Creative
C. Original
D. Clever
XAT 2006: Reading Comprehension - 4
DIRECTIONS: Questions 30-35 are based on the passage below.
Think back to 1993. That is when the Centre for Disease Control came up against the
hantavirus in the South West. The virus made no sense. It had never appeared in
landlocked regions before, and it was killing people by attacking their lungs rather than
their kidneys, the virus's usual target. It seemed to defy explanation. And that's as close a
parallel to a cosmology episode as I can describe. Basically a cosmology episode happens
when people suddenly feel that the universe is no longer a rational, orderly system. What
makes such an episode shattering is that people suffer from the event and, at the same
time, lose the means 'to recover from it. In this sense, a cosmology episode is the opposite
of a d�j� vu experience. In moments of deja vu, everything suddenly feels familiar,
recognizable. By contrast, in a cosmology episode, everything seems strange. A person
feels like he has never been here before, has no idea of where he is, and has no idea who
can help him. An inevitable stare of panic ensues, and the individual becomes more and
more anxious until he finds it almost impossible to make sense of what is happening to
him.
The continual merging and divesting and recombining and changing of responsibilities
and bosses over the years has created immense cosmological episodes for business
people. Even senior executives are unsure of whom they are working for and why. So I
think it is fair to say that in the course of their careers, every manager will have a
cosmology episode: their worlds will get turned upside down. Having the kind of
alertness to weak signals that we see at High Response organizations can help managers
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avoid this particular psychological crisis. In the case of hantavirus, for example, the
puzzle was eventually solved when epidemiologists discovered that recent climatic
changes had produced an explosion in the rodent population that carried the virus, which
increased the likelihood that humans might be exposed to hantavirus. In cosmological
episodes, paying very close attention to details can definitely restore a sense of mastery.
What I have repeatedly noticed is that people who really get into trouble during these
crisis are those who try to think everything through before taking action. The problem
with defining and refining your hypothesis without testing them is that the world keeps
changing, and your analysis gets further and further behind. So you have constantly got to
update your thinking while you are sitting there and reflecting. And that is why I am such
a proponent of what I call 'sensemaking'. There are many definitions of 'sensemaking; for
me it is the transformation of raw experience into intelligible world views. It's a bit like
what mapmakers do when they try to make sense of an unfamiliar place by putting it on
paper. But the crucial point in cartography is that there is no one best map of a particular
place. Similarly sense-making lends itself to multiple conflicting interpretations, all of
which are plausible. If an organization finds itself unsure of where it's going, or even
where its been, then it ought to be wide open to a lot of interpretations, al 1 of which can
lead to possible action. The action and its consequence then begin to edit the list of
interpretations down to a more manageable size.
And this is the point I wish to underscore. Action, tempered by reflection is the critical
component in recovery from cosmology episodes. Once you start to act, you can flesh out
your interpretations and rework them. It's the action itself that gets you moving. There is
a beautiful, example of this. Several years ago a platoon of Hungarian soldiers got lost in
the Alps. One of the soldiers found a map in his pocket and the troops used it to get out
safely. Subsequently, however, the soldiers discovered that the map they used was in fact
the drawing of another mountain range the Pyrennes. In crisis leaders have to act to think.
30. The hantavirus incident DOES NOT shows that:
A. Ignorance is pervasive
B. Uniqueness in its details can never be enumerated exhaustively
C. Pursuit of rationality is futile
D. None of the above
31. The nature of knowledge that most probably seems to be the ambit of the author in
the above passage relates to which of the following?
A. Practical knowledge
B. Transcendental knowledge
C. Traditional knowledge
D. None of the above
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32. Which of the following is necessarily true sad follows from the argument developed
in the passage?
A. Action and conceptualization about reality is necessarily sequential
B. No concepts can be speculated about without action
C. Establishment of any concept cannot be done through discussions alone
D. None of the above
33. Sense-making as used in the passage refers to skills that primarily depend on:
A. The five human senses
B Memory
C. Skills of cognition
D. None of the above
34. A deja vu is a feeling where everything seems familiar, in order. Behind it, however,
is a tragedy for the appearance of order is illusory. Ignorance about the disorder as well
as non-experiencing of it builds the illusion. Such a characterization of deja vu is � its
use in the passage. (Choose the apt phrase to fill the gap)
A. Not inconsistent with
B. Inconsistent with
C. Necessarily follows from
D. Similar to
35. The use of episode in cosmological episode in the passage refers to:
A. Possibility of repetition of the experience
B. Disquieting nature of the experience
C. Accumulative nature of the experience
D. None of the above
XAT 2006: Fill in the blanks
QUESTIONS 36: Please choose the alternative that CANNOT go into the sentence in the
blank space to make a coherent sentence:
36. The sale of the hotel chain under� resulted in extremely low yield for the promoter.
A. DURESS B. DISTRESS C. DISTRUST D. All the above
Questions 37-38: Please choose the correct alternative that can go into the sentence in the
blank space to make a coherent sentence:
37. The � of the country should take a greater interest in promoting the indigenous
works that are rooted in the deep traditions of scholarship across the world.
A. LITERATI B. LITERATE C. LITERATURE D. LITERAL
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38. ��of different categories of problems often leads to design of improper solutions
that fail to address the complexities of the problem.
A. CONFABULATION B. CONFLATION C. CONFLICT D. CONFESSION
XAT 2006: New Type of Questions
QUESTIONS 39-40: are based on the following dialogue between a Japanese (J)
manager and an American (A) manager. Based on the dialogue please answer the
following questions.
J: Welcome to Japan! We are at your service. May I have the privilege of inviting you to
play a round of golf together?
A: That is excellent! Golf has been one of my favorites. Some of my most memorable
moments were on the golf course. Let us go. It will be a nice relaxation for me as well - it
would take away the jet lag, before we sit to discuss the contract.
J: Surely, thanks for giving me the privilege to play host. I will take you to the best golf
club in this part of the world.
A: Is golf very common among Japanese executives?
J: It depends, you know, on how you look at it. Doesn't everything really depend like that
� on how we look at it � even concepts of winning and loosing!
A. That sounds interesting.
J: Is it!
A: Well, there it goes.. Wah!
J: So, you have won ~ you are really good at golf.
Why don't we -play another round tomorrow.
A: Well.. (long pause).0K.
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S: so, you have won again.. tomorrow is a good day for golf- many of my business
friends would be here and I will introduce you to them.
A: But, when will we sit for discussing the contract.
J: Well, if you want we can sit right away, we can go down to my office.
A: That is what I think we should do.
J. It is my privilege.
39. Emotions often get manifested as a 'mental state' of a speaker. A dialogue often
reveals that. Based on the dialogue. Which of the following best characterizes the
emotional state of the American manager?
A. Reposed
B. Recalcitrant
C. Resplendent
D. None of the above
40. The dialogue reveals a swing in the mood of the American manager from ____ to
_____ . Which of the following pairs of words (in the same order) best completes the
sentence coherently?
A. Rejuvenation, Desperation
B. Elation, Exasperation
C. Relaxation, Tension
D. Happiness, Fury
(Question 41-45):
Seven instructors - J, K, L, M, N, P and Q � teach management courses at a premier
institute in east India. Each instructor teaches during exactly one term: the first term, the
second term, or the third term. The following conditions apply:
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K teaches during the third term.
L and M teach during the same term.
Q teaches during either the first term or the second term.
Exactly twice as many instructors teach during the third term as teach during the first
term. N and Q teach during different terms.
J and P teach during different terms.
41. Which one of the following could be an accurate matching of instructors to terms?
A. M: the first term; P: the second term; Q: the first term
B. J: the third term; L: the third term; P: the third term
C. L: the first term; N: the second term; P: the third term
D. J: the first term; M: the third term; N: the second term
42. Which one of the following cannot be true?
A. L teaches during the first term
B. M teaches during the second term
C. M teaches during the third term
D. N teaches during the second term
43. If exactly one instructor teaches during the second term, which one of the following
must be true?
A. J teaches during the third term
B. L teaches during the first term
C. M teaches during the third term
D. P teaches during the second term
44. Each of the following contains a list of instructors who can all teach during the same
term EXCEPT:
A. J,K,M
B. J,L,M
C. K,L,P
D. K,P,Q
45. If more instructors teach during the second term than teach during the first term, then
which one of the following instructors must teach during the second term?
A. J
B. M
C. N
D. P
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XAT 2006: Analytical Reasoning - 2
(Questions 46-50):
Sourav's Fish Salon serves a special Friday night seafood banquet consisting of seven
courses - hilsa, pomfret, Indian shrimp, rahu, kingfish, lobster, and bhetki. Diners are free
to select the order of the seven courses, according to the following conditions:
The kingfish is served sometime after rahu. Exactly one course should be served between
the pomfret and the Indian shrimp.
The lobster is served some time before the pomfret.
The kingfish is served either fifth or sixth. The hilsa is served second.
46. Which one of the following sequences would make for an acceptable banquet?
A. rahu, hilsa, lobster, bhetki, pomfret, kingfish, Indian shrimp
B. rahu, hilsa, bhetki, pomfret, kingfish, Indian shrimp, lobster
C lobster, hilsa, pomfret. rahu, kingfish, Indian shrimp, bhetki
D. lobster, hilsa, rahu. kingfish. pomfret, bhetki, Indian shrimp
47. If kingfish is the fifth course served, then which one of the following MUST BE true?
A. Pomfret is the third course served
B. Indian shrimp is the fourth course served
C. Bhetki is the seventh course served
D. Lobster is the first course served
48. Which one of the following would make it possible to determine the EXACT
ordering of the courses?
A. Pomfret is the fourth course served
B. Indian shrimp is the fifth course served
C. Kingfish is the sixth course served
D; Lobster is the first course served
49. If kingfish is the sixth course served, then which one of the following CANNOT be
true?
A. Rahu is the fifth course served
B. Indian shrimp is the seventh course served
C. Pomfret is the fifth course served
D. Lobster is the third course served
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50. If Bhetki is the third course served, which one of the following MUST BE true?
A. Pomfret is the fourth course served
B. Kingfish is the fifth course served
C. Rahu is the first course served
D. Indian shrimp is the seventh course served
(Questions 51-56):
During one week, a human resource director conducts five interviews for a new job, one
interview per day, Monday through Friday. There are six candidates for the job - Ram,
Shyam, Trilochan, Usha, Veena, and Kishore. No more than two candidates are
interviewed more than once. Neither Shyam nor Usha nor Veena is interviewed more
than once, and no other candidate is interviewed more than twice. The schedule of
interviews is subject to the following conditions:
If Trilochan is interviewed, then Trilochan must be interviewed on both Monday and
Friday.
If Shyam is interviewed, then Usha is also interviewed, with Shyam's interview taking
place earlier than Usha's interview.
If Ram is interviewed twice, then Ram's second interview takes place exactly two days
after Ram's first interview.
If Veena is interviewed, then Kishore is interviewed twice, with Veena's interview taking
place after Kishore's first interview and before Kishore's second interview.
If Usha is interviewed, then Ram is also interviewed, with Usha's interview taking place
on a day either immediately before or immediately after a day on which Ram is
interviewed.
51. Which of the following could be a complete and accurate list of candidates the human
resources director interviews and the days on which those interviews take place?
A. Monday: Shyam: Tuesday: Usha; Wednesday:Ram; Thursday: Kishore; Friday:
Ram;
B. Monday: Shyam; Tuesday: Kishore; Wednesday: Ram; Thursday: Kishore; Friday:
Usha;
C Monday: Trilochan; Tuesday: Ram; Wednesday: Shyam; Thursday: Ram; Friday:
Trilochan;
D. Monday: Trilochan; Tuesday: Ram; Wednesday: Kishore; Thursday: Veena; Friday:
Trilochan;
52. If Veena is interviewed on Tuesday, then which one of the following MUST BE true?
A. Trilochan is interviewed on Friday
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B. Usha is interviewed on Thursday
C. Ram is not interviewed
D. Shyam is not interviewed
53. If Kishore is not interviewed, then which one of the following MUST BE true?
A. Ram is interviewed on Thursday
B. Shyam is interviewed on Tuesday
C. Trilochan is interviewed on Monday
D. Usha is interviewed on Wednesday
54. If Shyam is interviewed, then which one of the following could be true?
A. Kishore is interviewed on both Tuesday and Wednesday
B. Usha is interviewed on Monday.
C. Veena is interviewed on Tuesday
D. Shyam is interviewed on Thursday
55. If neither Usha nor Trilochan is interviewed, then each of the following MUST BE
true EXCEPT:
A. Ram is interviewed on Monday
B. Ram is interviwed on Thursday
C. Veena is interviewed on Tuesday
D. Kishore is interviewed on Wednesday
56. If both Usha and Veena are interviewed, then which one of the following is a
complete and accurate list of the days on which Kishore could be interviewed?
A. Monday, Friday
B. Tuesday, Thursday
C. Monday, Wednesday,Friday
D. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
XAT 2006: Analytical Reasoning - 4
(Questions 57 to 61); Analyze the following statements and give an appropriate answer.
K.C. Das is preparing special puja sweet packages. Different sweet packages are
numbered 1 through 5 from left to right, and K.C. Das is filling them with different
sweets. Each package will contain at least one, but not more than two of the following
types of sweets: Gulabjamun, Kaju barfi, Petha, Rasgulla, Sohan halwa, and Cham cham.
Each type of sweet will be placed in at least one sweet package. These sweets will be
packed either in a bucket, or a carton or a tin. K.C. Das fills the packages according to the
following conditions:
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At least two packages must contain Rasgulla. Exactly two packages must contain Kaju
barfi, and these packages cannot be adjacent to each -other.
Both packages that contain Kaju barfi must be to the left of any packages that contain
Gutabjamun.
Package 2, 3, and 4 cannot contain Sohan halwa:
Any package that contains Rasgulla must be packed in a carton.
Any package that contains, Kaju barfi must be packed in a bucket.
Package 2 is packed in a carton.
57. Which one of the following CANNOT be true?
A. Package 1- is packed in a tin.
B. Package 2 contains Cham cham.
C. Package 3 is packed in a tin.
D. Package 4 contains Kaju barfi.
58. If a package containing sweets and packed in a tin is not adjacent to a package packed
in a bucket, then which one of the following MUST be true?
A. Package I contains Petha
B. Package 4 contains Kaju barfi.
C. Package 4 contains Rasgulla.
D. Package 5 contains Gulabjamun.
59. If Rasgulla are contained in the maximum number of packages, which one of the
FOLLOWING must be troe?
A. Packaged is packed in a bucket.
B. Package 4 is packed in a bucket.
C A package containing Sohan halwa is packed in a bucket.
D. A package containing Gulabjamun is packed in a carton.
60. If package 4 contains Petha and Cham cham, which one of the following pairs of
sweets must be contained in the same package as each other?
A, Kaju barfi and Sohan halwa.
B. Gulabjamun and Petha.
C. Rasgulla and Cham cham.
D. Gulabjamun and Sohan halwa.
61. If package 3 is packed in a tin, which one of the FOLLOWING COULD be false?
A. Package 1 contains Sohan halwa.
B. Package 2 contains Rasgulla.
C. Package 3 contains Cham cham.
D. Package 4 is packed in a bucket.
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XAT 2006: Analytical Reasoning - 5
Questions 62-65 are based on the following:
Seven persons A, B, C, D, E, F and G contested in a game show that had total prize
money ofRsl4 lakhs. Every contestant won some prize money and the highest prize
money was Rs. 3.5 lakhs. No two contestants won the same amount of prize money. For
every contestant the difference with the next highest and the next lowest winner is the
same won Rs.21akhs
B won more money than A
The difference of prize money between B and A was the minimum.
The difference of prize money between D and F was not the least.
There was at least one person whose prize money was between that of E and G
62. Which of the following is a proper list of persons in increasing order of prize money
won?
A. G,C,F,B,E,D,A
B. D,F,C,E,A,B,G
C. F,C,D,E,A, B,G
D. A,B,G,C,F,E,D
63. If D won more than E, and Band G together won Rs 3.5 lakhs, which of the following
MUST be true?
A. D won Rs 3.5 lakhs
B. A won Rs 1.5 lakhs
C. B won Rs 1.5 lakhs
D. C won Rs 50,000
64. If the difference of prize money between A and C is the minimum, which of the
following pairs MUST NOT have won prize money that differs by the minimal amount?
A. Band E
B. C and G
C. D and G
D. A and E
65. If the total money won by A and D is equal to that of G, and the difference between E
and D is at least 1 lakh, then which of the following MUST be TRUE?
A. A and B together won Rs. 3 lakhs
B. B and F together won Rs. 3.5 lakhs
C. Cand E together won Rs. 3 lakhs
D. B and c together won Rs. 3.5 lakhs
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XAT 2006
Answers 01-65
1-5
1 A
2 B
3 B
4 D
5 D
6-10
6C
7D
8B
9B
10A
11-15
11C
12B
13C
14C
15D
16-20
16D
17C
18A
19D
20B
21-25
21B
22B
23B
24D
25C
26-30
26A
27B
28B
29A
30A
31-35
31A
32B
33C
34B
35D
36-40
36A
37A
38B
39D
40C
41-45
41D
42A
43C
44D
45B
46-50
46A
47C
48B
49A
50D
51-55
51A
52D
53C
54A
55D
56-60
56C
57A
58C
59A
60A
61-65
61C
62C
63A
64D
65B
in case of doubts please reply. |
