In 1985 the IABC Research Foundation awarded a grant to a six-member research team headed by James E. Grunig, Ph.D., of the University of Maryland. The team began the project with an extensive literature review of theories from public relations, management, sociology, psychology, marketing, communication, anthropology, philosophy and feminist studies. The theories were the foundation of anew theory of the characteristics that public relations departments must have to make organizations more effective and to explain how and why communication makes organizations more effective.
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